Naomi Saphra
NLP and interpretability researcher
Articles & links
Our ICML HiLD workshop paper shows that the reason why bigger models learn more complex tasks is because they are able to saturate the gradients for easier tasks; different tasks are competing for the same parameters and gradient mass.
- The paper argues power-law scaling already implies a larger model will learn parts of the data distribution a smaller model cannot, even with infinite training data.
- Pretraining experiments on OLMo models from 4M to 4B parameters found only the larger models learned the infrequent and complex tasks.
- The proposed mechanism is reduced gradient interference: weaker common-task updates leave rare-task features intact in larger models.
Our new paper sets the stage for the biggest practical use case of model interpretability: stress testing and dataset development. All you need is interpretable linear features and simple geometry.
- A Compositional Interference metric derived from feature geometry predicts LLM failures without evaluating specific inputs.
- On multihop question answering, correlation between the CI metric and model accuracy reached r = -0.855.
- The method predicts cross-lingual transfer failures across 10+ languages using only English fact representations.
I'm so happy when other people write papers on nondeterministic factors in training. embrace the chaos
- Emergent capabilities arise stochastically: the same model can gain or fail to gain a capability depending on its random initialization.
- Researchers used Pythia models from 14M to 410M parameters to show attention pattern learning is the key bottleneck to capability emergence.
- More attention heads improved learning efficiency; MLP-Mixer outperformed standard transformers on tasks with complex attention patterns.
Unfortunately, the canonical reference is extremely dense
- Song Mei and Andrea Montanari analyze ridge regression on N random features, equivalent to a two-layer neural network with random first-layer weights.
- They compute precise asymptotics of test error in the limit where N, n, and d go to infinity with N/d and n/d held fixed.
- Their setup is described as the first analytically tractable model capturing all features of the double descent curve without ad hoc misspecification.
Recent commentary
We don’t always know what problems are hard for LLMs. So devs evaluate on tasks HUMANS find hard or on broad benchmarks. What if we could instead anticipate which scenarios a model will fail on—all without evaluating specific input examples? 🧵NEW PAPER by @jenniferlumeng.bsky.social
if you are a PhD student in AI, remember it is in your interests to distract your advisor from how much money they could be making in industry. should be a daily priority.
ok the thing about erdos is he obviously loved collaborating with humans. he could have done a lot on his own, but math was how he chose to connect. I'm not sure he would have been very into chatbots?
Are students embarrassed by AI cheating? Like, there has always been rare but unstigmatized dishonesty (memorizing a frat’s archive of finals questions) and common but stigmatized (saying you’ve started when you definitely have not started it). AI cheating should be the most stigmatized. Is it?
ACL needs to adopt the expectation from ML conferences that workshops be exciting. If you come from NLP you know ACL workshops are mostly terminal venues for abandoned/unambitious work, but it's clear that the correct approach is to host cutting-edge WiP.
How do you make LLMs actually good at explaining new math? It's like reading a badly written reference for people who already know the subject. When I ask a question, it never matches my level. If I try to rephrase to test my understanding, it just sycophantically agrees.
my new literary award cannot be won by a commercial frontier LLM because I will require that 10% of each submission is smut
the fact that AI judges prefer sloppy AI writing makes the total death of good human-readable prose almost inevitable in scientific publishing and writing competitions. not sure what we can do about that.
I tried to make the theory work out but the computer devil kept lying to me (ChatGPT generated incorrect proofs)
In Naomi Saphra's orbit
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